Ho ea ka lihlopha, li-sensor tsa infrared li ka aroloa ka li-sensor tsa mocheso le li-sensor tsa photon.

Sensor ea mocheso

Mohloli oa mocheso o sebelisa ntho ea ho lemoha ho monya mahlaseli a infrared ho hlahisa ho phahama ha mocheso, ebe o tsamaisana le liphetoho linthong tse itseng tsa 'mele. Ho metha liphetoho linthong tsena tsa 'mele ho ka metha matla kapa matla ao e a monyang. Ts'ebetso e tobileng ke e latelang: Mohato oa pele ke ho monya mahlaseli a infrared ka mochine oa mocheso ho baka ho phahama ha mocheso; mohato oa bobeli ke ho sebelisa liphello tse ling tsa mocheso oa mochine oa mocheso ho fetola ho phahama ha mocheso hore e be phetoho ea motlakase. Ho na le mefuta e mene ea liphetoho tsa thepa ea 'mele tse sebelisoang hangata: mofuta oa thermistor, mofuta oa thermocouple, mofuta oa pyroelectric, le mofuta oa moea oa Gaolai.

# Mofuta oa thermistor

Ka mor'a hore thepa e sa utloisiseng mocheso e amohele mahlaseli a infrared, mocheso oa phahama 'me boleng ba ho hanyetsa bo fetoha. Boholo ba phetoho ea ho hanyetsa bo lekana le matla a mahlaseli a mahlaseli a infrared. Lisebelisoa tsa infrared tse entsoeng ka ho fetola khanyetso ka mor'a hore ntho e monye mahlaseli a infrared li bitsoa thermistors. Hangata li-thermistor li sebelisoa ho lekanya mahlaseli a mocheso. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea li-thermistors: tšepe le semiconductor.

R(T)=AT−CeD/T

R (T): boleng ba ho hanyetsa; T: mocheso; A, C, D: li-constants tse fapaneng ka thepa.

Thermistor ea tšepe e na le mocheso o motle oa ho hanyetsa, 'me boleng ba eona bo feletseng bo nyenyane ho feta ba semiconductor. Kamano pakeng tsa ho hanyetsa le mocheso ha e le hantle e na le moeli, 'me e na le khanyetso e matla ea mocheso o phahameng. E sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa tekanyo ea ketsiso ea mocheso;

Li-thermistor tsa semiconductor li fapane feela, tse sebelisetsoang ho lemoha mahlaseli a kotsi, joalo ka lialamo, litsamaiso tsa ts'ireletso ea mollo, le ho batla le ho latella ha radiator ka mocheso.

# Mofuta oa Thermocouple

Thermocouple, eo hape e bitsoang thermocouple, ke sesebelisoa sa pele sa ho bona thermoelectric, 'me molao-motheo oa eona o sebetsang ke pyroelectric effect. Tekano e entsoeng ka lisebelisoa tse peli tse fapaneng tsa conductor e ka hlahisa matla a electromotive mateanong. Qetello ea thermocouple e amohelang mahlaseli e bitsoa pheletso e chesang, 'me pheletso e' ngoe e bitsoa pheletso e batang. Seo ho thoeng ke phello ea thermoelectric, ke hore, haeba lisebelisoa tsena tse peli tse fapaneng tsa conductor li kopantsoe ka loop, ha mocheso oa manonyeletso a mabeli o fapane, hona joale ho tla hlahisoa ka loop.

E le ho ntlafatsa coefficient ea ho monya, foil ea khauta e ntšo e kenngoa pheletsong e chesang ho etsa thepa ea thermocouple, e ka bang tšepe kapa semiconductor. Mohaho e ka ba mohala kapa ntho e bōpehileng joaloka hlobolisa, kapa filimi e tšesaane e entsoeng ka theknoloji ea vacuum deposition kapa theknoloji ea photolithography. Li-thermocouples tsa mofuta oa mokhatlo li sebelisoa haholo ho lekanya mocheso, 'me li-thermocouples tsa mofuta oa filimi e tšesaane (tse nang le li-thermocouples tse ngata ka lihlopha) li sebelisoa haholo ho lekanya mahlaseli.

Nako e sa fetoheng ea mofuta oa thermocouple infrared detector e batla e le kholo, kahoo nako ea karabelo e batla e le telele, 'me litšobotsi tse matla li batla li fokola. Maqhubu a phetoho ea mahlaseli ka lehlakoreng le ka leboea e lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 10HZ. Lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang, li-thermocouples tse 'maloa hangata li hokahanngoa ka letoto ho etsa thermopile ho bona matla a mahlaseli a infrared.

# Mofuta oa pyroelectric

Li-detectors tsa pyroelectric infrared li entsoe ka likristale tsa pyroelectric kapa "ferroelectrics" tse nang le polarization. Pyroelectric crystal ke mofuta oa kristale ea piezoelectric, e nang le sebopeho se se nang centrosymmetric. Boemong ba tlhaho, litsi tsa tefiso tse ntle le tse mpe ha li tsamaisane ka litsela tse itseng, 'me palo e itseng ea litefello tsa polarized li thehoa holim'a kristale, e bitsoang polarization e ikemetseng. Ha mocheso oa kristale o fetoha, o ka etsa hore setsi sa litefello tse ntle le tse mpe tsa kristale li fetohe, kahoo tefiso ea polarization holim'a metsi e fetoha ka tsela e nepahetseng. Hangata bokaholimo ba eona bo nka litefello tse phaphametseng sepakapakeng 'me e boloka boemo ba ho lekana ha motlakase. Ha bokaholimo ba ferroelectric bo le ka tekano ea motlakase, ha mahlaseli a infrared a khabisoa holim'a eona, mocheso oa ferroelectric (sheet) o phahama ka potlako, matla a polarization a theoha ka potlako, 'me tefiso e tlamiloeng e fokotseha haholo; ha qoso e phaphametseng ka hodimo e fetoha butle. Ha ho na phetoho 'meleng oa ka hare oa ferroelectric.

Ka nako e khutšoanyane haholo ho tloha phetohong ea matla a polarization e bakoang ke phetoho ea mocheso ho boemo ba ho lekana ha motlakase holim'a metsi hape, litefiso tse feteletseng tse phaphametseng li hlaha holim'a ferroelectric, e lekanang le ho lokolla karolo ea tefiso. Ketsahalo ena e bitsoa phello ea pyroelectric. Kaha ho nka nako e telele bakeng sa tefiso ea mahala ho fokotsa tefiso e tlameletsoeng holim'a metsi, ho nka metsotsoana e seng mekae, 'me nako ea ho phomola ea polarization ea kristale e khutšoanyane haholo, hoo e ka bang metsotsoana ea 10-12, kahoo kristale ea pyroelectric e ka arabela liphetohong tse potlakileng tsa mocheso.

# Mofuta oa moea oa Gaolai

Ha khase e nka mahlaseli a infrared tlas'a boemo ba ho boloka molumo o itseng, mocheso o tla eketseha 'me khatello e eketsehe. Bongata ba keketseho ea khatello bo lekana le matla a mahlaseli a infrared a monyelitsoeng, kahoo matla a mahlaseli a infrared a ka lekanngoa. Li-detectors tsa infrared tse entsoeng ke melao-motheo e ka holimo li bitsoa lisebelisoa tsa khase, 'me Gao Lai tube ke mochine o tloaelehileng oa khase.

Sensor ea photon

Li-detectors tsa infrared tsa photon li sebelisa lisebelisoa tse itseng tsa semiconductor ho hlahisa liphello tsa photoelectric tlas'a mahlaseli a mahlaseli a kotsi ho fetola thepa ea motlakase ea thepa. Ka ho lekanya liphetoho tsa thepa ea motlakase, matla a mahlaseli a infrared a ka khethoa. Li-detectors tsa infrared tse entsoeng ke photoelectric effect li bitsoa photon detectors. Likarolo tse ka sehloohong ke kutloisiso e phahameng, lebelo la ho arabela ka potlako le maqhubu a phahameng a ho arabela. Empa ka kakaretso e hloka ho sebetsa ka mocheso o tlase, 'me sehlopha sa ho lemoha se batla se le moqotetsane.

Ho ea ka molao-motheo o sebetsang oa mochine oa photon, o ka aroloa ka kakaretso ho photodetector ea ka ntle le photodetector ea ka hare. Li-photodetectors tsa ka hare li arotsoe ka li-photoconductive detectors, photovoltaic detectors le photomagnetoelectric detectors.

# Photodetector ea kantle (sesebelisoa sa PE)

Ha leseli le etsahala holim'a litšepe tse itseng, li-oxide tsa tšepe kapa li-semiconductors, haeba matla a photon a le boholo bo lekaneng, bokaholimo bo ka ntša lielektrone. Ketsahalo ena ka kakaretso e bitsoa photoelectron emission, e leng ea phello ea kantle ea photoelectric. Li-phototubes le li-tubes tsa photomultiplier ke tsa mofuta ona oa detector ea photon. Lebelo la karabelo le potlakile, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang, sehlahisoa sa tube ea photomultiplier se na le phaello e phahameng haholo, e ka sebelisoang bakeng sa tekanyo e le' ngoe ea photon, empa bolelele ba maqhubu bo batla bo le moqotetsane, 'me nako e telele ka ho fetisisa ke 1700nm feela.

# Sesebelisoa sa Photoconductive

Ha semiconductor e monya li-photon tsa ketsahalo, li-electrone tse ling le masoba a semiconductor li fetoha ho tloha sebakeng se seng sa conductive ho ea sebakeng se lokolohileng se ka tsamaisang motlakase, kahoo se eketsa conductivity ea semiconductor. Ketsahalo ena e bitsoa phello ea photoconductivity. Li-detectors tsa infrared tse entsoeng ke photoconductive effect ea semiconductors li bitsoa photoconductive detectors. Hona joale, ke mofuta o sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa oa photon detector.

# Photovoltaic detector (sesebelisoa sa PU)

Ha mahlaseli a mahlaseli a mahlaseli a mahlaseli a marang-rang a khantšitsoe ho PN junction ea lisebelisoa tse itseng tsa semiconductor, tlas'a ts'ebetso ea sebaka sa motlakase sebakeng sa PN, li-electrone tse sa lefelloeng sebakeng sa P li fallela sebakeng sa N, 'me masoba a sebakeng sa N a fallela sebakeng se seng. Sebaka sa P. Haeba motsoako oa PN o bulehile, matla a eketsehileng a motlakase a hlahisoa lipheletsong tse peli tsa PN junction e bitsoang photo electromotive force. Li-detectors tse entsoeng ka ho sebelisa photo electromotive force effect li bitsoa photovoltaic detectors kapa junction infrared detectors.

# Optical magnetoelectric detector

Matla a khoheli a sebelisoa ka lehlakore ho sampole. Ha sebaka sa semiconductor se monya li-photon, li-electrone le masoba a hlahisoang li aroloa 'meleng. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho hasana, li-electrone le masoba li fokotsehile lipheletsong tse peli tsa sampuli ka lebaka la phello ea matla a khoheli a mahlakoreng. Ho na le phapang e ka bang teng lipakeng tsa mahlakore ka bobeli. Ketsahalo ena e bitsoa opto-magnetoelectric effect. Li-detectors tse entsoeng ka phello ea photo-magnetoelectric li bitsoa photo-magneto-electric detectors (tse bitsoang lisebelisoa tsa PEM).